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Pinus resinosa Aiton 1789
Common NamesRed pine, Norway pine, pin rouge (2).Taxonomic notesDescription"Trees to 37 m; trunk to 1.5 m diam., straight; crown narrowly rounded. Bark light red-brown, furrowed and cross-checked into irregularly rectangular, scaly plates. Branches spreading-ascending; twigs moderately slender (to 1cm thick), orange- to red-brown, aging darker brown, rough. Buds ovoid-acuminate, red-brown, to ca. 2 cm, resinous; scale margins fringed. Leaves 2 per fascicle, straight or slightly twisted, brittle, breaking cleanly when bent, deep yellow-green, all surfaces with narrow stomatal bands, margins serrulate, apex short-conic, acute; sheath 1-2.5 cm, base persistent. Pollen cones ellipsoid, ca. 15mm, dark purple. Seed cones maturing and opening in 2 years, spreading, symmetric, ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid to nearly globose when open, 3.5-6 cm, light red-brown, nearly sessile; apophyses slightly thickened, slightly raised, transversely low-keeled; umbo central, centrally depressed, unarmed. Seeds ovoid; body 3-5 mm, brown; wing to 20 mm. 2n=24" (2).RangeCanada: Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland; and USA: Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Occurs on sandy soils at 200-800(1300)m, chiefly in boreal forests (2).Big TreeDiameter 100 cm, height 38 m, crown spread 18 m, located in Watersmeet, MI (1).OldestDendrochronologyEthnobotanyIt was once the most important timber pine in the Great Lakes region (2).ObservationsHave seen in Killarney Provincial Park, Ontario. It can probably be seen in most American and Canadian National Parks within its range.RemarksNorway pine is the state tree of Minnesota (2). It was called "Norway" for the homeland of the men who logged it.Citations(1) American Forests. 1996. The 1996-1997 National Register of Big Trees. Washington, DC: American Forests.(2) Kral in Flora of North America online. See also: Burns, R.M. and B.H. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America, Vol. 1, Conifers. Washington DC: U.S.D.A. Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 654. http://willow.ncfes.umn.edu/silvics_manual/Table_of_contents.htm. The FEIS database. Anantha M. Prasad and Louis R. Iverson. 1999. A Climate Change Atlas for 80 Forest Tree Species of the Eastern United States. http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/delaware/atlas/. Delaware, Ohio: USFS Northeastern Research Station. |
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